TLDR
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aptitude

 
Debian and Ubuntu package management utility. More information: https://manpages.debian.org/latest/aptitude/aptitude.8.html.
 
  • Synchronize list of packages and versions available. This should be run first, before running subsequent aptitude commands:
     
    aptitude update
     
  • Install a new package and its dependencies:
     
    aptitude install {{package}}
     
  • Search for a package:
     
    aptitude search {{package}}
     
  • Search for an installed package (?installed is an aptitude search term):
     
    aptitude search '?installed({{package}})'
     
  • Remove a package and all packages depending on it:
     
    aptitude remove {{package}}
     
  • Upgrade installed packages to the newest available versions:
     
    aptitude upgrade
     
  • Upgrade installed packages (like aptitude upgrade) including removing obsolete packages and installing additional packages to meet new package dependencies:
     
    aptitude full-upgrade
     
  • Put an installed package on hold to prevent it from being automatically upgraded:
     
    aptitude hold '?installed({{package}})'
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